Written by Ron Bialek, Sarah Gillen, and John W. Moran in early 2010, this white paper highlights the advanced tools of QI that are designed to deal with complex issues that are not obvious without detailed analysis. This analysis guides away from the simple answer and into a process of continual refinement of the issue. To make the best possible decisions, information analysis is crucial; the advanced tools of QI help to synthesize and refine information to focus on the critical pieces before developing potential solutions in the public health arena.​